Tag Archives: plants

It’s Groundhog’s Day! (or How I learned to live with the groundhog and love it)

Today is one of my favorite holidays because it celebrates round, furry people who like to sleep and have the good sense to go back to bed when they wake up to find that it’s dark and cold.  Talk about hitting the sleep switch!

Groundhogs are remarkable creatures, though not much appreciated by most people. They are persistent, deliberate, adaptable, and not easily perturbed. I came to love groundhogs after discovering that we shared territory with one in our previous home. She lived under our woodpile, which was a bit of a mess; we vainly hoped she would straighten it up a bit, but apparently “woodchuck” is somewhat of a misnomer.*

Groundhogs are the bane of many gardeners because they are so cosmopolitan in their tastes: they will eat almost any sort of vegetation, and are particularly fond of garden vegetables, largely because of their moisture content. (Groundhogs are masters of energy economy; if they eat food with lots of water in it, they won’t have to walk all the way down to the creek to drink.) **

I discovered that the secret to living with our groundhog was to make sure she had what she needed. One early summer day, I watched her amble across the yard from the wood pile toward the garden, which was on the other side of the house. We have always had what we call a “freedom lawn” (which means we don’t apply any herbicides or fertilizers to it) and the yard was a sea of bright yellow dandelion flowers. Being energy efficient by nature, the groundhog ate the blossom off every dandelion she passed. About halfway across the yard, she paused for a few moments then turned around and waddled back to the wood pile, apparently full.

When the dandelions weren’t in bloom, I found out that she loved borage. Fortunately for me, the borage had self-sown madly around the edges of the raised garden bed closest to the wood pile. I came out one day to discover the borage had been eaten to the ground on three sides of the bed, but the vegetables and greens in the middle remained untouched. As I had plenty of borage all over the garden and it grew back rapidly, both the groundhog and I were extremely satisfied. I never lost any vegetables, herbs, or greens to her, and she got her fill at all times.

I learned a lot from that groundhog: never pass up a tasty tidbit; always stop eating when you are full; dandelions and self-sown borage are gifts from the garden gods; stop and soak up the sun whenever the opportunity presents itself; and most importantly, some days, the right thing to do is pull the covers over your head and get another forty winks.

Happy Groundhog’s Day!

* It’s actually an Anglicization of a Native American word (Algonquian) for the animal, wuchak.

** I’ve been told by a gardening friend that providing a shallow dish of water between the garden and the groundhog’s burrow will also deter vegetable predation, because the critters are chiefly looking for moisture when they raid the garden.

Paw-paw time

green paw-paw

You know it’s fall when the paw-paws show up in the produce section.

Yes, you read that right: paw-paws, as in the children’s song:
Where in the world is dear little Susie?
Where in the world is dear little Susie?
Where in the world is dear little Susie?
Way down yonder in the paw-paw patch.

The paw-paw is a real fruit that grows on a plant native to North America. It has several tropical relatives, but our paw-paw grows in the eastern U.S. as far north as western New York.

ripe paw-paw (not a potato. really.)

Although botanically classified as berries, paw-paws are about two inches in diameter and four or five inches long, the size of a nice baking potato. A properly ripe paw-paw looks much like a baking potato, too – brown and blotchy like a banana that has gone too far even for bread. Eaten at this stage, paw-paws have a texture like custard and a sweet, slightly fermented flavor that is wholly unique but reminds one faintly of mangoes.

paw-paw seeds

The real trick to eating paw-paw is avoiding the large, flat seeds, which are a deep, glossy brown and very beautiful. (Some folks make jewelry out of them.) The seeds spiral throughout the fruit, making it difficult to cut up neatly. I start at one end and slice it crosswise every 1/3 inch or so, hoping to catch a seed with each slice.

Paw-paw is traditionally made into some kind of cold treat. According to several sources, chilled paw-paw was a favorite dessert of George Washington, and it’s often made into ice cream. I like it in smoothies, and usually freeze it for that purpose. This year I’m going to try it with a banana bread recipe, and one of these days I hope to make an old-fashioned paw-paw cream pie.

Although the fruits themselves don’t last too long, the fruiting season often goes into October, so I’m looking forward to a long, lovely fall filled with paw-paw.

Here there be dandelions

Actual photo of actual dandelion from my actual yard. Note that it is growing in a patch of Dutch white clover. Smart plant!

My yard is full of dandelions!! Whahoo!! Allow me to explain:

Twenty-some years ago, a developer bought a tract of land from a farmer who was retiring and had no one to carry on after him. The land had been used to pasture cattle, being a little too rolling to make easy fields for crops. The developer scraped away the good Kentucky topsoil that had been built up over thousands of years and sold it. Then he graded the rolling hills to make good postage stamp-sized lots and built houses on them, laying sod directly over the compacted clay hardpan that now comprised the soil surface. (I’ll give him credit for one thing, though: he left the existing trees, mostly choke cherry and locust, in the ravines and along the fence rows. I bless him for that.)

The new homeowners dutifully watered and fertilized and pesticided the sod, artificially sustaining it on its tilth-less foundation. They kept this up for fifteen years, maintaining a very respectable-looking lawn of artificial turf. Then some nature-nuts moved in (that’s us) and made the yard quit cold-turkey: no more watering, no more dope.

The first summer was unseasonably cool and rainy, so the yard got a chance to ease into this new, clean life just a bit. The next summer was hotter and drier, and the ill-adapted sod grass fared poorly. We put compost on the yard, but the hardpan had such low absorption capacity that the first good rain washed it away. Crabgrass loves infertile soil with poor drainage, however, and took over the bare patches. We were just glad that SOMETHING was growing.

The next year, we spread Dutch white clover seed. The rains carried much of it away, but enough found a toehold to make a few lush, green patches. Several shallow-rooted species of “weed” began to appear, and we rejoiced: it was a beginning.

Now to the dandelions: last year (year five) was the first year dandelions appeared anywhere other than the raised flower beds. Dandelions have deep taproots; they will not grow where the soil is too compacted to penetrate. Once they do start growing in compacted soil, though, their taproots help to loosen it. Their presence in my yard indicates an improvement in soil quality, both in fertility as well as tilth. There remain places in the yard where they will not yet grow, but this year’s crop is a big step forward.

Another year or two of dandelions and we might be able to grow some grass.

Garden delights (an old-fashioned poem)

Will you meet me in the garden
B’neath the rhubarb’s spreading leaves?
We will make for us a bower
And discuss the birds and bees.

Will you come at daylight’s breaking
To the hawthorn wet with dew,
Find with me a guarded nest there
Perfect sized and shaped for two?

Will you share with me the twilight
Of the arbor’s shaded room,
Suffer sweet intoxication
‘Mid the roses all in bloom?

Will you nill you, I shall have you,
Queen of bees and knave of hearts;
‘Tis the dance that we were born for:
Come together, draw apart.

The parable of the orchids

There once was a man who had some orchids that he cherished. He placed them near a sunny window because he knew they needed light. After a while they looked a little pale, so he put a bay window in his house to give them more light.

Their condition didn’t really improve, so he built an elaborate greenhouse with automatic temperature control devices and strategically placed shade structures to shield the plants from scorching. The orchids continued to languish, so he called in a plant expert, who told him the plants were too dry.

He installed a humidifier, but the poor orchids withered and eventually died. Devastated, he related his tale of heroic effort and loss to a friend.

“Did you ever water them?” asked the friend.

“I provided the perfect amount of light and humidity,” the man replied.

“What about water?” persisted the friend.

“I carefully controlled the temperature,” the man said.

“Yes,” said his friend gently, “but did you water them?”

The man became irritated. “No, but I built them a greenhouse, for pete’s sake!” he protested.

“That’s all well and good,” answered his friend, “but all they really needed was some water.”

Bulb crazy

I’m afraid I’ve overdone it. Again.

Come fall, a gardener’s thoughts turn to the planting of spring-blooming bulbs, which have to be planted NOW. Last year I waited too long to purchase my bulbs in the mistaken belief that I could get them on clearance if I waited until retailers deemed the season for planting to be over. Not only did I not get any bargains, I had a drastically reduced selection from which to choose. Even then I bought more than I was able to plant, for we ended up having a very wet fall and early winter: my soil is heavy clay and impossible to work while wet. Half of them ended up in the compost this spring, having rotted in their bags in my garage.

A week of clear, dry, autumn weather got me thinking about fall planting and the beautiful mature gardens I left behind when I moved to the Bluegrass. One tulip in particular was my very favorite, a double late tulip called ‘Uncle Tom’ — a deep, rich maroon flower so petaliferous that it looks a peony or an overblown rose. I fired off a wistful email request to my mother-in-law for her to visit my favorite garden center in all the world (Natureworks in Northford CT) and get some bulbs for me.

Wondering if ‘Uncle Tom’ is still available, I went online to see if I could find it. Before I realized what I was about, I had placed an order for 50 bulbs! (I must say I showed remarkable restraint, however, getting the smallest possible quantities of only two narcissi, two tulips, and two alliums, none of which are available in stores around here.)

A couple days later, my dear mother-in-law let me know that she’s bringing me a box of bulbs at the end of the month as requested. In my excitement over finding ‘Uncle Tom’ I had completely forgotten about the email I had sent her!

So now I face the daunting prospect of getting 100+ bulbs in the ground before spring. Luckily, the soil doesn’t usually freeze around here until January or February, so I have a little time.

I just hope we don’t have a lot of rain.

Bloomin’ omission

As I was setting up the hose to water some of my flower beds this morning, I realized I had left out a couple of crucial blooming workhorses from my floral report of yesterday. Both are annuals in my area and I was thinking of perennials, but that’s a poor excuse.

The first is Verbena bonariensis, also known as verbena-on-a-stick. Although a perennial in its native tropical South America, it won’t survive the winters in my zone 6 garden. It’s tall and graceful, with sturdy, widely branching stems and terminal clusters of vivid purple flowers that are a butterfly magnet. It self-sows freely; the single plant I put in last year produced a dozen or so volunteers, most of which I weeded out because of their location. The three plants I let grow have bloomed continuously since early summer, and will keep on blooming until the frost takes them.

The other plants I overlooked are dwarf zinnias. A friend gave me some standard zinnia seedlings last year, but the plants proved to be too large for the spot where I planted them. They bloomed like crazy and attracted humans and butterflies alike, but I had to cut them back repeatedly because they overran the garden path. Determined to have the same great look with less maintenance, I sowed dwarf zinnia seed in the spring and got several plants. They were a little slow to get going, but since they started blooming they’ve not stopped. Best of all, I haven’t had to prune them!

For those wonder why I didn’t start the seeds in the house and get a jump on the season, it’s because of the stupid cat. (For the record, we also have two other cats that are not stupid.) Maybe I’ll see if my friend can start some dwarf zinnias for me next year.

What’s blooming?

It’s another gorgeous day in the Bluegrass — warm and sunny, dry and clear. The sun sits in a brilliant blue sky, though somewhat further south, as the angle of the light visibly reveals. The same rays that scorched a few weeks ago now lie long and warm upon the land, the lingering caress of a lover who is leaving sooner than she would like.

The insects are at their zenith, in a frenzy to gather as much of the season’s bounty as they can hold. Bees are everywhere, their golden hum in the background of nearly every garden. My Sedum telephium ‘Matrona’ has just finished blooming; while it is in full flower, the blossoms are hardly visible for all the bees crawling over the floral heads.

The Geranium ‘Rozanne’ hasn’t stopped blooming since it started several months ago; I’ve had to cut it back twice to keep it from overwhelming not-so-nearby neighbors! It has spread so much in this year, only its second, that I’m thinking of dividing it before next year.

A second crop of self-sown pink evening primrose (Oenothera speciosa) is starting to bloom. I’ve (perhaps foolishly) allowed them to grow where heavy summer rains carried their seeds, outside of the huge bed in which they were originally planted. The established plants go dormant in the heat of summer and look simply dreadful, but I so love the dense carpet of pink flowers they provide in the spring that I can’t bring myself to remove them. Perhaps I should cut them back when the weather turns blistering so they look less unsightly.

Last, but not least, in the perennial department is the Liriope muscari (known locally as monkey grass). Three varieties grow in my evolving gardens: ‘Big Blue,’  ‘Pee Dee Gold,’ and ‘Variegata.’  All three produce fantastic, blue-purple flower spikes in late summer, hence the species name (same as the genus name of the plant commonly known as grape hyacinth).

Clearly my gardens are lacking in those late summer powerhouses, the asters and their kin. I’ll have to work on that for next season. Now where did I put that season of bloom chart?

The girls are back (but some of them are guys)

The Spirea japonica started blooming last week, which means that the aphids were out in force. Each slender flower stalk rippled with successive rows of the little life-sucking critters, tended by worker ants who collect the honeydew that the aphids excrete. It looked like a pretty serious infestation, the sort of thing that might cause an industrious gardener to run for the bottle of Ortho spray. I am far from industrious, however, so I decided to let the self-correcting mechanisms of my little corner of the ecosystem play out.

Sure enough, inspection of the bushes a few days later found the flowers in full bloom, their stalks bearing only a few aphid remains. The cause could be found lurking on the undersides of several leaves: ladybug larvae. They looked like tiny black accordians with legs, and they had completely cleared all the aphids from every spirea in the yard.

lady-bug-larvaeEach spring for the past five years this little drama has repeated itself, and each year I feel the same sense of anticipation and affirmation. First I discover the aphid infestation and am tempted to get the hose and blast them all off (a very effective, non-pesticidal response.) Then I counsel myself to wait: if I get rid of the aphids, the ladybugs won’t come. I decide to check back in a few days, and voila! There they are! How can something so entirely predictable feel so miraculous?

Maybe the wonder lies in the fact that even the most probable thing isn’t guaranteed. Something might happen to change it, to keep it from happening as expected. There are thousands of reasons why the ladybugs might fail to appear on my spireas each spring, from environmental conditions to pathogens to just plain bad luck. Some incalculable maze of probabilities has been navigated every spring when they seem to arrive on cue, and I can’t help but feel giddy with joy and amazement.

Innovative home (brewed) business

Beer is proof that God loves us and wants us to be happy.

This unattested saying is often attributed to Benjamin Franklin, though beer scholar Bob Skilnik has pointed out that Franklin actually wrote something similar about wine, not beer. This aphorism clearly appeals to beer drinkers far more strongly than to wine drinkers, because the (accurate) wine version is virtually unknown.

Enter the Southern Fried Science blog, which offers detailed instructions on how to brew beer in a coffee maker. The authors of the blog are two marine biology graduate students who have had the opportunity to work out some of the kinks (“perfect” is far too strong a word) in this process during lengthy ocean expeditions. The result is a beverage of variable, though generally low, quality, but I’m sure it compares favorably with the potent potables that desperate seagoing folk have improvised since time immemorial. After all, this is the 21st century, and these guys are scientists!

The directions are so simple and straightforward that I am tempted to try my hand at this, though I’m sure the coffee drinker in my household (who is not a beer drinker) would be very unhappy. Perhaps this would be an excellent use for one of those used coffee makers I see at the Salvation Army from time to time. It would certainly provide a good excuse to grow hops in the yard, which is an idea I’ve been toying with for a couple of years. (They’re really lovely plants.)

Yep, this could be the year I finally grow hops and start my own microbrewery. Think I might qualify for some of that economic stimulus money?